Human Health and Disease: MCQ Test

61. Modern-day lifestyle has reportedly resulted in lowering of immunity and more sensitivity to allergens, leading to increased cases of allergies and asthma in children. What is cited as a possible reason for this?

• Increased exposure to infectious agents
• Lack of proper nutrition
• Protected environment provided early in life
• Increased pollution levels only

62. What defines an auto-immune disease?

• The body develops immunity to external pathogens.
• The body becomes deficient in producing immune cells.
• The body attacks its own 'self-cells' due to genetic and other unknown reasons.
• The immune system overreacts to harmless environmental substances.

63. Which disease is mentioned as an example of an auto-immune disease?

• Typhoid
• Malaria
• Rheumatoid arthritis
• AIDS

64. Which of the following are components of the human immune system?

• Lymphoid organs
• Tissues and Cells
• Soluble molecules like antibodies
• All of the above

65. Which of the following are classified as primary lymphoid organs where immature lymphocytes differentiate into antigen-sensitive lymphocytes?

• Spleen and Lymph nodes
• Bone marrow and Thymus
• Tonsils and Appendix
• Peyer’s patches and MALT

66. Which lymphoid organ is the main site where all blood cells, including lymphocytes, are produced?

• Thymus
• Spleen
• Bone marrow
• Lymph nodes

67. The thymus, a lobed organ near the heart, provides a micro-environment for the development and maturation of which type of lymphocytes?

• B-lymphocytes
• T-lymphocytes
• Macrophages
• Natural killer cells

68. Which secondary lymphoid organ acts as a filter of the blood by trapping blood-borne micro-organisms and also has a large reservoir of erythrocytes?

• Thymus
• Spleen
• Lymph nodes
• Bone marrow

69. What is MALT, and what percentage of the total lymphoid tissue in the human body does it constitute?

• Major Antigen-Loaded Tissue; 25%
• Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue; 50%
• Medullary Antibody-Producing Tissue; 75%
• Memory Activated Lymphoid Tract; 30%

70. What does AIDS stand for?

• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
• Autoimmune Infectious Disease Syndrome
• Acute Immunological Disorder Syndrome
• Antibody-Induced Disease Syndrome

71. AIDS is caused by the Human Immuno deficiency Virus (HIV), which is a member of which group of viruses?

• Adenovirus
• Retrovirus
• Herpesvirus
• Poxvirus

72. Which of the following are general modes of HIV transmission?

• Sexual contact with infected person
• Transfusion of contaminated blood and blood products
• Sharing infected needles as in the case of intravenous drug abusers
• From infected mother to her child through placenta
• All of the above

73. It is important to note that HIV/AIDS is NOT spread by:

• Sexual contact
• Sharing infected needles
• Mere touch or physical contact
• Blood transfusions

74. What is the typical time-lag between HIV infection and the appearance of AIDS symptoms?

• A few days
• Immediately after infection
• A few months to many years (usually 5-10 years)
• Less than one month

75. After entering macrophages, the HIV virus's RNA genome replicates to form viral DNA with the help of which enzyme?

• DNA polymerase
• RNA replicase
• Reverse transcriptase
• Ligase

76. Which type of immune cells are progressively decreased in number by HIV, leading to the patient becoming immuno-deficient?

• B-lymphocytes
• Helper T-lymphocytes (TH)
• Macrophages
• Natural Killer cells

77. The widely used diagnostic test for AIDS is:

• Widal test
• Biopsy
• ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immuno-Sorbent Assay)
• MRI scan

78. Anti-retroviral drugs used for AIDS treatment are described as:

• Completely curative, preventing death.
• Partially effective, prolonging the life of the patient but not preventing inevitable death.
• Ineffective in treating the disease.
• Able to fully restore the immune system.

79. Which of the following organizations are mentioned as educating people about AIDS in India?

• National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• Other non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
• All of the above

80. In cancer cells, there is a breakdown of regulatory mechanisms that control:

• Nutrient absorption
• Blood circulation
• Cell growth and differentiation
• Immune response