Human Health and Disease: MCQ Test

101. Smoking is associated with increased incidence of which health issues?

• Cancers of lung, urinary bladder, and throat
• Bronchitis and emphysema
• Coronary heart disease and gastric ulcer
• All of the above

102. Tobacco chewing is associated with an increased risk of cancer of the:

• Lungs
• Stomach
• Oral cavity
• Esophagus

103. How does smoking affect oxygen transport in the blood?

• It increases the concentration of haembound oxygen.
• It decreases carbon monoxide (CO) content in blood.
• It increases carbon monoxide (CO) content in blood and reduces the concentration of haembound oxygen, causing oxygen deficiency.
• It has no significant effect on oxygen transport.

104. The period between 12-18 years of age is generally considered as:

• Childhood
• Adolescence
• Early adulthood
• Maturity

105. Which of the following are mentioned as common causes motivating youngsters towards drug and alcohol use?

• Curiosity, need for adventure and excitement, and experimentation
• Stress from pressures to excel in academics or examinations
• Perception among youth that it is 'cool' or progressive to use
• Unstable or unsupportive family structures and peer pressure
• All of the above

106. What is 'addiction' in the context of drug and alcohol abuse?

• A temporary feeling of well-being that quickly fades.
• A psychological attachment to certain effects, such as euphoria and a temporary feeling of well-being, driving continued use even when self-destructive.
• The body's physical need to manifest withdrawal symptoms.
• The initial experimentation with substances.

107. With repeated use of drugs, what happens to the tolerance level of the receptors present in our body?

• It decreases, leading to sensitivity to lower doses.
• It increases, consequently requiring higher doses of drugs or alcohol.
• It remains unchanged.
• It leads to a reduction in withdrawal symptoms.

108. What is 'dependence' in the context of drug/alcohol abuse?

• A psychological craving for the substance.
• The tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and unpleasant withdrawal syndrome if regular dose of drugs/alcohol is abruptly discontinued.
• The feeling of euphoria experienced after drug intake.
• The ability to control drug use.

109. Immediate adverse effects of drugs and alcohol abuse include:

• Reckless behaviour, vandalism, and violence
• Excessive doses leading to coma and death due to respiratory failure, heart failure, or cerebral hemorrhage
• Both A and B
• Improved academic performance

110. Which of the following are common warning signs of drug and alcohol abuse among youth?

• Drop in academic performance and unexplained absence from school/college
• Lack of interest in personal hygiene, withdrawal, isolation, depression, fatigue
• Aggressive and rebellious behaviour, deteriorating relationships with family and friends
• Loss of interest in hobbies, change in sleeping and eating habits, fluctuations in weight/appetite
• All of the above

111. Intravenous drug users are at a much higher risk of acquiring which serious infections by sharing infected needles and syringes?

• Typhoid and Common Cold
• AIDS and Hepatitis B
• Malaria and Pneumonia
• Cholera and Dysentery

112. Chronic use of drugs and alcohol can lead to damage in which body systems/organs?

• Skeletal system and muscular system
• Nervous system and liver (cirrhosis)
• Respiratory system and circulatory system only
• Endocrine system and reproductive system only

113. Which types of drugs are misused by some sportspersons to enhance their performance, increasing muscle strength, bulk, and aggressiveness?

• Narcotic analgesics
• Anabolic steroids
• Diuretics and certain hormones
• All of the above

114. What are some side-effects of anabolic steroids in females?

• Feminisation, decreased aggressiveness, regular menstrual cycles
• Masculinisation, increased aggressiveness, mood swings, abnormal menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth on face and body, enlargement of clitoris, deepening of voice
• Increased fertility and reduced acne
• Improved cardiovascular health

115. Which of the following are side-effects of anabolic steroids in males?

• Acne, increased aggressiveness, mood swings, depression
• Reduction of size of the testicles, decreased sperm production
• Potential for kidney and liver dysfunction, breast enlargement, premature baldness, enlargement of the prostate gland
• All of the above

116. What is the recommended approach for parents and teachers to prevent and control alcohol and drug abuse among adolescents?

• Ignore signs of substance use until it becomes severe.
• Encourage children to experiment to learn lessons.
• Combine high levels of nurturance with consistent discipline, avoid undue peer pressure, educate and counsel, and seek professional help if needed.
• Isolate children from social interactions.