Test your comprehensive understanding of human health, diseases, immunity, AIDS, cancer, and drug/alcohol abuse with these multiple-choice questions based on Chapter 7 of Biology.
Test Your Knowledge
Showing questions 81 - 100 of 116
81. Normal cells show a property called _______, by virtue of which contact with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth. Cancer cells appear to have lost this property.
Normal cells show a property called contact inhibition by virtue of which contact with other cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth. Cancer cells appears to have lost this property.
82. Which type of tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body, causing little damage?
Benign tumors normally remain confined to their original location and do not spread to other parts of the body and cause little damage.
83. The most feared property of malignant tumors, where cells sloughed from tumors reach distant sites through blood and start new tumors, is called:
Cells sloughed from such tumors reach distant sites through blood, and wherever they get lodged in the body, they start a new tumor there. This property called metastasis is the most feared property of malignant tumors.
84. Agents that can induce the transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells are called:
Transformation of normal cells into cancerous neoplastic cells may be induced by physical, chemical or biological agents. These agents are called carcinogens.
85. Which types of radiation are mentioned as causing DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformation?
Ionising radiations like X-rays and gamma rays and non-ionizing radiations like UV cause DNA damage leading to neoplastic transformation.
86. Cancer-causing viruses have genes called _______, and several genes called _______ (c-onc) or proto-oncogenes have been identified in normal cells, which when activated, could lead to oncogenic transformation.
Cancer causing viruses called oncogenic viruses have genes called viral oncogenes. Furthermore, several genes called cellular oncogenes (c-onc) or proto oncogenes have been identified in normal cells which, when activated under certain conditions, could lead to oncogenic transformation of the cells.
87. Early detection of cancers is based on biopsy and histopathological studies. Which advanced imaging techniques are useful to detect cancers of internal organs?
Techniques like radiography (use of X-rays), CT (computed tomography) and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) are very useful to detect cancers of the internal organs.
88. The common approaches for the treatment of cancer include:
The common approaches for treatment of cancer are surgery, radiation therapy and immunotherapy.
89. What is the role of biological response modifiers such as α-interferon in cancer treatment?
The patients are given substances called biological response modifiers such as α-interferon which activates their immune system and helps in destroying the tumor.
90. Which three main types of drugs are commonly abused, mostly obtained from flowering plants, with some from fungi?
The drugs, which are commonly abused are opioids, cannabinoids and coca alkaloids. Majority of these are obtained from flowering plants. Some are obtained from fungi.
91. Heroin, commonly called smack, is chemically which derivative, extracted from the latex of the poppy plant Papaver somniferum?
Heroin, commonly called smack is chemically diacetylmorphine which is obtained by acetylation of morphine, which is extracted from the latex of poppy plant Papaver somniferum.
92. Heroin is a depressant, meaning it:
Generally taken by snorting and injection, heroin is a depressant and slows down body functions.
93. Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of which plant?
Natural cannabinoids are obtained from the inflorescences of the plant Cannabis sativa.
94. Products like marijuana, hashish, charas, and ganja are derived from which plant?
The flower tops, leaves and the resin of cannabis plant are used in various combinations to produce marijuana, hashish, charas and ganja.
95. Cannabinoids are known for their effects on which system of the body?
Generally taken by inhalation and oral ingestion, these are known for their effects on cardiovascular system of the body.
96. Coca alkaloid, or cocaine (coke/crack), is obtained from the coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native to South America. It interferes with the transport of which neurotransmitter?
Coca alkaloid or cocaine is obtained from coca plant Erythroxylum coca, native to South America. It interferes with the transport of the neuro-transmitter dopamine.
97. Cocaine has a potent stimulating action on the central nervous system, producing a sense of:
It has a potent stimulating action on central nervous system, producing a sense of euphoria and increased energy.
98. Excessive dosage of cocaine can cause:
Excessive dosage of cocaine causes hallucinations.
99. When does the use of drugs or alcohol constitute 'drug abuse'?
When these are taken for a purpose other than medicinal use or in amounts/frequency that impairs one’s physical, physiological or psychological functions, it constitutes drug abuse.
100. Tobacco contains nicotine, an alkaloid. How does nicotine affect the body's circulation?
Tobacco contains a large number of chemical substances including nicotine, an alkaloid. Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into blood circulation, both of which raise blood pressure and increase heart rate.