Human Health and Disease: MCQ Test

1. According to early Greeks like Hippocrates and the Indian Ayurveda system, health was considered a state where there was a balance of certain what?

• Elements
• Humors
• Energies
• Spirits

2. The 'good humor' hypothesis of health was disproved by the discovery of blood circulation and the demonstration of normal body temperature by which scientist?

• Louis Pasteur
• Robert Koch
• William Harvey
• Edward Jenner

3. In later years, biology stated that the mind influences our immune system through which systems, thereby affecting our health?

• Digestive and Excretory systems
• Skeletal and Muscular systems
• Neural and Endocrine systems
• Circulatory and Respiratory systems

4. Which of the following factors are listed as affecting human health?

• Genetic disorders
• Infections
• Life style including food, water, rest, and exercise
• All of the above

5. How is 'health' defined in the sources?

• Absence of disease only
• Physical fitness only
• A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
• The ability to fight off common infections

6. Which of the following measures are important to maintain good health?

• Balanced diet
• Personal hygiene
• Regular exercise and Yoga
• All of the above

7. Diseases which are easily transmitted from one person to another are called:

• Non-infectious diseases
• Infectious diseases
• Genetic disorders
• Chronic diseases

8. Among non-infectious diseases, which one is mentioned as a major cause of death?

• AIDS
• Typhoid
• Cancer
• Common cold

9. Disease-causing organisms are generally referred to as:

• Vectors
• Parasites
• Pathogens
• Antigens

10. Pathogens generally enter the small intestine through contaminated food and water and migrate to other organs through blood, causing typhoid fever. Which bacterium is responsible for this?

• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Haemophilus influenzae
• Salmonella typhi
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis

11. A classic case in medicine, Mary Mallon, nicknamed 'Typhoid Mary', was a cook who spread typhoid for several years as a:

• Immune individual
• Typhoid carrier
• Diagnosed patient
• Typhoid researcher

12. Which bacteria are responsible for causing pneumonia in humans, infecting the alveoli of the lungs?

• Salmonella typhi
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae
• Wuchereria bancrofti

13. In severe cases of pneumonia, what color may the lips and fingernails turn?

• Red to pink
• Yellow to brown
• Gray to bluish
• Green to black

14. Rhino viruses cause which of the most infectious human ailments, primarily infecting the nose and respiratory passage but not the lungs?

• Malaria
• AIDS
• The common cold
• Typhoid fever

15. What are some common symptoms of the common cold?

• Nasal congestion and discharge
• Sore throat and hoarseness
• Cough, headache, and tiredness
• All of the above

16. Which protozoan is responsible for causing malaria?

• Entamoeba histolytica
• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Plasmodium
• Toxoplasma gondii

17. Which species of Plasmodium causes the most serious and potentially fatal form of malaria, known as malignant malaria?

• P. vivax
• P. malariae
• P. falciparum
• P. ovale

18. How does Plasmodium enter the human body?

• As gametocytes through contaminated food
• As sporozoites through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquito
• As merozoites through direct contact with an infected person
• As cysts through contaminated water

19. What is the toxic substance released upon the rupture of red blood cells in malaria, which is responsible for the chills and high fever?

• Haemoglobin
• Haemozoin
• Histamine
• Serotonin

20. The malarial parasite requires how many hosts to complete its life cycle?

• One host (human only)
• Two hosts (human and mosquito)
• Three hosts (human, mosquito, and another vertebrate)
• One host (mosquito only)