Human Health and Disease: MCQ Test

21. Which protozoan parasite in the large intestine of humans causes amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery)?

• Plasmodium vivax
• Giardia lamblia
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Trypanosoma cruzi

22. Houseflies act as mechanical carriers in the transmission of amoebiasis by transmitting the parasite from faeces of an infected person to:

• Mosquitoes
• Airborne droplets
• Food and food products
• Contaminated water only

23. Ascaris, the common round worm, is an intestinal parasite that causes which disease?

• Amoebiasis
• Typhoid
• Ascariasis
• Filariasis

24. Symptoms of ascariasis include:

• Sustained high fever and headache
• Nasal congestion and sore throat
• Internal bleeding, muscular pain, fever, anemia, and blockage of the intestinal passage
• Dry, scaly lesions on the skin

25. Which filarial worms cause elephantiasis or filariasis, leading to chronic inflammation of lymphatic vessels, usually of the lower limbs and often genital organs?

• Ascaris lumbricoides
• Taenia solium
• Wuchereria (W. bancrofti and W. malayi)
• Ancylostoma duodenale

26. The pathogens causing filariasis are transmitted to a healthy person through:

• Contaminated food and water
• Direct physical contact
• The bite by female mosquito vectors
• Airborne droplets

27. Which genera of fungi are responsible for ringworms, one of the most common infectious diseases in man?

• Microsporum
• Trichophyton
• Epidermophyton
• All of the above

28. What are the main symptoms of ringworms?

• High fever and chills
• Nasal congestion and discharge
• Appearance of dry, scaly lesions on skin, nails and scalp, accompanied by intense itching
• Abdominal pain and cramps

29. Which environmental factors help ringworm fungi to grow and thrive?

• Cold and dry conditions
• Heat and moisture
• Alkaline pH
• High UV radiation

30. Which of the following are necessary public health measures for prevention and control of infectious diseases?

• Proper disposal of waste and excreta
• Periodic cleaning and disinfection of water reservoirs
• Observing standard practices of hygiene in public catering
• All of the above

31. For diseases transmitted through insect vectors like malaria and filariasis, what is the most important control measure?

• Regular vaccination of the population
• Providing antibiotics to all affected individuals
• Controlling or eliminating the vectors and their breeding places
• Ensuring balanced diet for prevention

32. Which fish is specifically mentioned as being introduced in ponds to feed on mosquito larvae to control vector populations?

• Catla
• Rohu
• Gambusia
• Tilapia

33. Diseases like dengue and chikungunya are transmitted through which type of mosquitoes?

• Anopheles mosquitoes
• Culex mosquitoes
• Aedes mosquitoes
• Mansonia mosquitoes

34. The complete eradication of which deadly disease was achieved through the use of vaccines and immunisation programmes?

• Polio
• Diphtheria
• Smallpox
• Tetanus

35. What is the overall ability of the host to fight disease-causing organisms, conferred by the immune system?

• Pathogenicity
• Virulence
• Immunity
• Resistance

36. Which type of immunity is non-specific and present at the time of birth?

• Acquired immunity
• Innate immunity
• Passive immunity
• Active immunity

37. Which of the following are examples of physical barriers in innate immunity?

• Acid in the stomach
• Skin on our body and mucus coating of tracts
• Natural killer cells
• Interferons

38. Physiological barriers in innate immunity include:

• PMNL-neutrophils
• Tears from eyes, saliva in the mouth, and acid in the stomach
• Macrophages in tissues
• Interferons secreted by virus-infected cells

39. Which cells function as cellular barriers in innate immunity by phagocytosing and destroying microbes?

• B-lymphocytes
• T-lymphocytes
• Polymorpho-nuclear leukocytes (PMNL-neutrophils), monocytes, and natural killer cells
• Red blood cells

40. What are interferons, and what is their role as a cytokine barrier in innate immunity?

• Proteins that stimulate bacterial growth
• Proteins secreted by virus-infected cells to protect non-infected cells from further viral infection
• Chemicals that cause inflammation
• Antibodies that target specific pathogens