Test your knowledge of clinical pharmacy practice, laboratory data interpretation, and related concepts.
Test Your Knowledge
Showing questions 41 - 60 of 315
41. Which of the following is NOT typically a responsibility of a Drug and Therapeutics Committee (DTC)?
DTCs are committees formed by an institution or hospital to facilitate the rational use of medicines by providing support to healthcare providers and hospital administrators. Their responsibilities include policies for drug inclusion, prescription, automatic stop orders, and emergency drug lists.
42. When obtaining information about a suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR), which of the following is NOT listed as a source of information?
Information about suspected ADRs can be obtained from the patient’s case notes and treatment chart, patient interview, laboratory data sources, and communication with other healthcare professionals.
43. What is one of the shortcomings of drug interaction information sources from the 1970s, as mentioned in the text?
In the 1970s, many interactions were predicted to occur, based on pharmacological knowledge, but have never been observed clinically.
44. Which of the following drug interaction information sources is considered a 'primary resource'?
Primary literature describes unique experiences and includes original reports such as research results, concise reports, and letters to the editor, published principally in scientific journals. Adverse drug reaction reports are also an example of primary literature.
45. When screening patients' medication to prevent drug interactions, which patient group is identified as being at greater risk?
Frail or malnourished patients, those with renal or hepatic impairment or multiple pathologies are at greater risk of developing adverse drug interactions.
46. What does the acronym IMRAD stand for in the context of critical appraisal of research papers?
Research papers appearing in the biomedical literature usually conform to a standard format known as IMRAD: Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion.
47. What is the primary characteristic of 'tertiary literature' in drug information practice?
Tertiary resources are summaries of the primary and secondary published literature. Printed textbooks are the main example and these are characterised by a slow rate of revision compared to secondary sources.
48. What is the primary advantage of using a controlled and structured list of indexing terms (like MeSH in Medline) when searching computerised databases?
The main advantage of having a controlled list of headings is that there should be only one term for each concept.
49. What is the FIRST step in a systematic approach to answering poison information queries?
The first step in handling a poison information query is to obtain the requester’s demographics, establish identity, gather contact details, and determine the urgency of the enquiry.
50. According to the source, what is the ultimate goal of clinical research?
The ultimate goal of clinical research is to make an impact on patient care, contributing to improved quality of life through prevention and treatment of diseases in the most cost-effective manner.
51. In pharmacoeconomic evaluations, which perspective is generally preferred because it considers all costs and consequences from a broad community viewpoint?
The societal perspective is preferred in pharmacoeconomic evaluations because it considers all costs and consequences, offering a broad viewpoint rather than being limited to the patient, provider, or payer perspective.
52. Which pharmacoeconomic evaluation technique measures both costs and consequences in monetary terms?
Cost–benefit analysis (CBA) is defined as an evaluation where both cost and consequence are measured in monetary terms.
53. What are Drug Utilisation Evaluation (DUE) studies also known as?
Criteria-based audits, also known as medication use evaluation studies, are a third way to find opportunities for improvement.
54. Which of the following is NOT a category of drugs identified by ABC analysis for inclusion in drug evaluation studies?
ABC analysis divides drugs into three classes based on annual usage: Class A (75–80% of total value), Class B (15–20% of expenditure), and Class C (5–10% of expenditure).
55. In the context of the medication use process, what is medication reconciliation?
Medicine reconciliation is defined as a process to identify an accurate list of the medicines currently being taken by a patient, to compare this to their current prescription and then identify discrepancies and omissions.
56. What is defined as 'the study of the use of drugs in large groups of people'?
Pharmacoepidemiology is the study of the use of drugs in large groups of people.
57. According to the sources, what is a key professional responsibility of community pharmacists?
Community pharmacy is the term used to describe the provision of pharmaceutical care by pharmacists in primary healthcare settings.
58. Which abbreviation is commonly used in North America for 'once daily' but has been confused with 'qds' (four times a day) in other countries?
The notation ‘qd’ is commonly used in North America to mean ‘once daily’, but has been confused with ‘qds’ which in other countries means four times a day.
59. What should pharmacists working in non-teaching hospitals primarily focus on to keep medical practitioners up-to-date?
Pharmacists working in non-teaching hospitals have considerable opportunities to promote evidence-based pharmacotherapeutics and the quality and safe use of medicines.
60. What is an important function of a clinical pharmacist regarding Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) in paediatric patients?
An important function of a clinical pharmacist is to obtain all the information and use appropriate pharmacokinetic equations to calculate intended serum concentrations and make appropriate dose recommendations.