Test your knowledge of clinical pharmacy practice, laboratory data interpretation, and related concepts.
Test Your Knowledge
Showing questions 61 - 80 of 315
61. What characteristic of medications increases their likelihood of crossing the placenta or being excreted into breast milk?
The chapter on Medication Use in Pregnancy and Lactation describes the properties of medications that increase their likelihood of crossing the placenta or excretion into breast milk.
62. Which document must an Ethics Committee (EC) review in clinical research?
An Ethics Committee (EC) must review documents such as the trial protocol(s)/amendment(s) and written informed consent form(s) and their updates, along with other related documentation.
63. What is the key role of pharmacists in Drug Utilisation Evaluation (DUE) programmes?
Pharmacists play a key role in the overall process of a DUE programme because of their experience in the area of pharmaceutical care. DUE affords pharmacists the opportunity to identify trends in prescribing within groups of patients and then, in collaboration with physicians, initiate action to improve drug therapy.
64. Which of the following methods of fly control is described as useful adjuncts to other methods, prepared by applying an adhesive mixture?
Fly papers: Sticky flypapers are useful adjuncts to other methods of fly control. They are prepared by applying an adhesive mixture containing resin and castor oil on papers.
65. Who showed that immunity could be produced against certain diseases by injecting the causative organism in an attenuated form?
Pasteur showed that immunity could be produced against certain diseases by injecting the causative organism in an attenuated form.
66. What two methods are used to prepare specimens for light microscope examination of microorganisms?
Two methods are used to prepare specimens for light microscope examination. One is to suspend organisms in a liquid (the wet-mount or hanging-drop technique) and the other is to dry, fix and stain films or smears of the specimen.
67. What is the recommended approach for publishers of textbooks to aid eye care at a school level?
Publishers of text books should be encouraged and advised to use suitable letters types.
68. What characteristic should all swabs used for operation in the theatre contain?
All swabs used for operation in the theatre should contain a radiopaque thread.
69. According to the 'Basic Skills in Interpreting Laboratory Data' preface, what has been expanded in the sixth edition for reader convenience?
In addition, the Abbreviations in the front of the book and the Glossary in the back have been expanded for reader convenience.
70. Which new chapter content in the sixth edition includes an expanded section on molecular diagnosis of specific viral nucleic acids and 1,3-β-glucan detection of fungi?
Infectious Diseases includes an expanded section on molecular diagnosis of specific viral nucleic acids and 1,3-β-glucan detection of fungi.
71. What is the definition of 'number needed to screen' (NNS) as described in the sources?
The number needed to screen is defined as 'the number of people that need to be screened for a given duration to prevent one death or one adverse event'.
72. Which of the following is NOT typically included in a Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP)?
The basic metabolic panel (BMP) includes common serum electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and chloride), carbon dioxide content, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), calcium, creatinine, and glucose. The comprehensive metabolic panel includes the BMP plus albumin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, and total protein.
73. What effect can genetic testing predict in an individual's health?
Genetic testing (laboratory analysis of human deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA], RNA, chromosomes, and proteins) will be able to predict an individual’s risk for disease, identify carriers of disease, establish diagnoses, and provide prognostic data.
74. What is the basic principle of the Coulter principle used in hematology analyzers for cell counting and sizing?
The basis of cell counting and sizing in hematology analyzers is the Coulter principle, which relates counting and sizing of particles to changes in electrical impedance across an aperture in a conductive medium.
75. What is one potential disadvantage of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method mentioned in the sources?
One potential disadvantage of this method is contamination of the amplification reaction with products of a previous PCR (carryover), exogenous DNA, or other cellular material.
76. What is an 'in vivo' drug interference with laboratory tests?
Most drug–laboratory test interferences are due to in vivo effects of drugs; that is, the drug’s pharmacological or toxic effects produce specific alterations in laboratory values.
77. What is described as one of the most comprehensive compilations of drug–laboratory test interactions, available as a searchable online resource?
One of the most comprehensive compilations of drug–laboratory test interactions is Effects on Clinical Laboratory Tests: Drugs, Disease, Herbs, and Natural Products by D. S. Young.
78. When conducting a systematic search of medical literature for drug–laboratory test interferences, what is the recommended order of literature types to search?
Using this technique, the clinician would search tertiary, secondary, and then primary literature.
79. What type of specimen is typically *not* suitable for use in CLIA-waived Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) because it requires manipulation like centrifugation or dilution?
Waived tests are approved for use only with unprocessed specimens that require no manipulation (e.g., centrifugation, precipitation, dilution, and extraction). Specimens, such as serum or plasma, require manipulation during sample preparation or training in their handling such that they are not suitable for use in CLIA-waived POC tests.
80. Which infectious disease analytes are measured from whole blood for CLIA-waived POC tests, as per the sources?
HIV-1 and HIV-2, and HCV are the only infectious disease analytes measured from whole blood for CLIA-waived POC tests.