Test your knowledge of clinical pharmacy practice, laboratory data interpretation, and related concepts.
Test Your Knowledge
Showing questions 121 - 140 of 315
121. What constitutes the 'Introduction' section in the IMRAD format of a research paper?
IMRAD: Introduction (background details and the research question).
122. When managing medications for an elderly patient with poor memory, what strategy can a clinical pharmacist recommend?
Memory impairment may be overcome by going through the information on more than one occasion, and providing written information to prompt the patient’s memory. A written medication list, which outlines the name, strength, dose and duration of each medication is helpful, especially if the patient is on multiple medications.
123. What is the initial step when preparing a treatment guideline in a hospital setting, according to the steps in guideline development?
For example, the first step in preparing a treatment guideline in a hospital setting is to select a drug/disease for guideline development and analyse the utilisation trends of the drug in the hospital to assess selection.
124. What type of guidelines should primarily be sought when clinical questions concern the 'efficacy of interventions'?
For example, questions concerning the efficacy of interventions usually mean that randomised controlled trials should be sought, while questions of risk usually mean that prospective cohort studies should be sought.
125. What is the primary role of pharmacists in the initial stages of drug distribution?
In the changing scenario of pharmacy practice in India, for successful practice of Hospital Pharmacy, the students are required to learn various skills like drug distribution, drug information, and therapeutic drug monitoring for improved patient care.
126. What is a core skill that students learning community pharmacy in India are expected to acquire?
In community pharmacy, students will be learning various skills such as dispensing of drugs, responding to minor ailments by providing suitable safe medication, patient counselling for improved patient care in the community set up.
127. Which committee is responsible for including drugs into the formulary, managing inpatient and outpatient prescriptions, automatic stop orders, and emergency drug list preparation?
Organization, functions, Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee in including drugs into formulary, inpatient and outpatient prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug list preparation.
128. What is one of the functions and responsibilities of a clinical pharmacist, as per the syllabus outline?
functions and responsibilities of clinical pharmacist, Drug therapy monitoring - medication chart review, clinical review, pharmacist intervention, Ward round participation, Medication.
129. What is a key consideration for pharmacists when interpreting laboratory data related to renal function in patients with acute kidney disease and CKD?
Medications eliminated by the kid-neys require caution in patients with acute kidney disease and CKD as the need for modifying the drug dose, extending the dosing interval, discontinuing use, and totally avoiding nephrotoxic drugs must be considered.
130. Which equation is commonly used to estimate creatinine clearance for drug dosing?
Pharmacists need to calculate the patient’s estimated creatinine clearance using the Cockcroft–Gault equation. This equation is commonly used in clinical practice for this purpose.
131. What is the goal of monitoring serum drug concentrations for aminoglycosides (e.g., gentamicin, tobramycin) given once-daily?
There is no therapeutic range when the pulse-dosing method is used; doses are given to attain peaks that are approximately 10 times the MIC, and troughs are intended to be nondetectable within four hours of administration of the next dose. A serum concentration drawn sometime after infusion of the dose is used only for adjustment of the dosing interval, not to check for efficacy or toxicity.
132. What information is important to obtain when requesting and reporting drug concentrations?
The chapter objective includes: 'Identify and justify information needed when requesting and reporting drug concentrations'. This implies that such information is necessary for proper TDM.
133. What is the definition of 'acidosis'?
Acidosis: Decreased pH of the blood and body tissue resulting from accumulation of acid or depletion of alkaline reserve.
134. What do pH values above 7.45 represent in arterial blood gas analysis?
pH values above 7.45 represent alkalemia, with 7.4 being the threshold for categorization during ABG assessment.
135. What is the purpose of 'quality control (QC)' measures in the analytical phase of Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)?
The QC measures are important to ensure proper training of the user’s technique, the integrity of the test-ing device, and the overall performance of the POCT analytical device. Internal QC monitors the precision and function of the analytical method over time.
136. What is a critical consideration for pharmacists when administering liquid medications to children using oral syringes?
As you review the instructions with her, you can identify each medication by opening the bottle. You may also ask her to demonstrate how she would administer liquid medications using the oral syringes... Ask the grandmother to repeat the information in response to your open ended questions.
137. What does the 'volume of distribution (V)' of a drug represent in pharmacokinetics?
V is the volume of distribution of drug. The chapter provides an overview of pharmacokinetic parameters and their clinical importance for individualizing therapy.
138. Which of the following describes 'anaerobic bacteria'?
The terms 'aerobes' and 'anaerobes' imply growth with or without oxygen respectively. The chapter 'Infectious Diseases' discusses anaerobic bacteriology in detail.
139. What is the significance of the British National Formulary (BNF) in ward round participation?
Clinical pharmacists may wish to carry appropriate references while working in wards. British National Formulary (BNF) Drug Information Handbook and Australian Medicines Handbook (AMH) are some commonly used references.
140. What is an 'automatic stop order' in the context of Pharmacy and Therapeutic Committee policies?
Policies of the pharmacy and therapeutic committee in including drugs into formulary, inpatient and outpatient prescription, automatic stop order, and emergency drug list preparation.