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biology
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biology mcqs
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Molecular Basis of Inheritance: MCQ Test

Test your comprehensive knowledge of DNA structure, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, gene regulation, the Human Genome Project, and DNA fingerprinting with these challenging multiple-choice questions.

Test Your Knowledge

Showing questions 61 - 80 of 169

61. In which direction does DNA-dependent DNA polymerase catalyse polymerisation?

3'→5' only
5'→3' only
Both 3'→5' and 5'→3'
Randomly in both directions

The DNA-dependent DNA polymerases catalyse polymerisation only in one direction, that is 5'→3' [42].

62. On which template strand polarity is DNA replication continuous, and on which is it discontinuous?

5'→3' is continuous, 3'→5' is discontinuous
3'→5' is continuous, 5'→3' is discontinuous
Both are continuous
Both are discontinuous

Consequently, on one strand (the template with polarity 3'→5'), the replication is continuous, while on the other (the template with polarity 5'→3'), it is discontinuous [43].

63. Which enzyme is responsible for joining the discontinuously synthesised fragments during DNA replication?

DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
Helicase

The discontinuously synthesised fragments are later joined by the enzyme DNA ligase [43].

64. What is the definite region in DNA where replication originates called?

Promoter
Terminator
Origin of replication
Replication fork

There is a definite region in E. coli DNA where the replication originates. Such regions are termed as origin of replication [44].

65. In eukaryotes, at which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

G1 phase
S-phase
G2 phase
M phase

In eukaryotes, the replication of DNA takes place at S-phase of the cell-cycle [45].

66. What is the process of copying genetic information from one strand of DNA into RNA termed?

Replication
Translation
Transcription
Reverse transcription

The process of copying genetic information from one strand of the DNA into RNA is termed as transcription [45].

67. How does the principle of complementarity govern transcription, especially regarding base pairing with adenosine?

Adenosine forms base pair with thymine
Adenosine forms base pair with guanine
Adenosine forms base pair with uracil
Adenosine forms base pair with cytosine

Here also, the principle of complementarity governs the process of transcription, except the adenosine complements now forms base pair with uracil instead of thymine [45].

68. Unlike replication where total DNA is duplicated, in transcription only what is copied into RNA?

Only a segment of DNA
Only one of the DNA strands
Both A and B
The entire DNA molecule

Unlike in the process of replication, which once set in, the total DNA of an organism gets duplicated, in transcription only a segment of DNA and only one of the strands is copied into RNA [46].

69. If both DNA strands acted as a template during transcription, what would be the consequence for proteins coded?

Both strands would code for identical proteins
One segment would code for two different proteins
No proteins would be coded
Transcription would be faster

If both strands act as a template, they would code for RNA molecule with different sequences (Remember complementarity does not mean identical), and in turn, if they code for proteins, the sequence of amino acids in the proteins would be different. Hence, one segment of the DNA would be coding for two different proteins [47].

70. What would happen if two RNA molecules were produced simultaneously from both DNA strands during transcription?

They would be translated more efficiently
They would form a double-stranded RNA
They would stabilize the DNA
They would immediately degrade

The two RNA molecules if produced simultaneously would be complementary to each other, hence would form a double stranded RNA. This would prevent RNA from being translated into protein [47].

71. A transcription unit in DNA is defined primarily by which three regions?

Promoter, Terminator, Enhancer
Promoter, Structural gene, Terminator
Operator, Promoter, Structural gene
Enhancer, Silencer, Promoter

A transcription unit in DNA is defined primarily by the three regions in the DNA: (i) A Promoter (ii) The Structural gene (iii) A Terminator [48].

72. In which direction does DNA-dependent RNA polymerase catalyse polymerisation during transcription?

3'→5' only
5'→3' only
Both 3'→5' and 5'→3'
Randomly in both directions

The DNA-dependent RNA polymerase also catalyse the polymerisation in only one direction, that is, 5'→3' [49].

73. Which DNA strand acts as the template (with 3'→5' polarity) and which is referred to as the coding strand (with 5'→3' polarity) in a transcription unit?

Template strand is 5'→3', Coding strand is 3'→5'
Template strand is 3'→5', Coding strand is 5'→3'
Both are template strands
Both are coding strands

The strand that has the polarity 3'→5' acts as a template, and is also referred to as template strand. The other strand which has the polarity (5'→3') and the sequence same as RNA (except thymine at the place of uracil), is displaced during transcription and is referred to as coding strand [49].

74. What is the function of the promoter region in a transcription unit?

It defines the end of transcription
It codes for a polypeptide
It provides a binding site for RNA polymerase
It defines the regulatory sequences

The promoter is a DNA sequence that provides a binding site for RNA polymerase [50].

75. What is the function of the terminator region in a transcription unit?

It provides a binding site for RNA polymerase
It defines the start of transcription
It usually defines the end of the process of transcription
It regulates splicing

The terminator is located towards the 3'-end (downstream) of the coding strand and it usually defines the end of the process of transcription [50].

76. A gene is broadly defined as what?

A segment of DNA coding for RNA only
A segment of DNA coding for protein only
The functional unit of inheritance
Any DNA sequence

A gene is defined as the functional unit of inheritance [51].

77. What is a cistron defined as?

A segment of DNA coding for tRNA
A segment of DNA coding for rRNA
A segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide
A segment of DNA that includes introns

By defining a cistron as a segment of DNA coding for a polypeptide, the structural gene in a transcription unit could be defined [51].

78. Structural genes in eukaryotes are mostly what, while in bacteria or prokaryotes they are mostly what?

Polycistronic in eukaryotes, monocistronic in bacteria
Monocistronic in eukaryotes, polycistronic in bacteria
Both monocistronic
Both polycistronic

The structural gene in a transcription unit could be said as monocistronic (mostly in eukaryotes) or polycistronic (mostly in bacteria or prokaryotes) [51].

79. In eukaryotes, what are the coding sequences or expressed sequences defined as, and what are the non-coding intervening sequences called?

Exons and Introns
Introns and Exons
Promoters and Terminators
Cistrons and Operons

The coding sequences or expressed sequences are defined as exons... The exons are interrupted by introns. Introns or intervening sequences do not appear in mature or processed RNA [51].

80. In bacteria, which three major types of RNAs are needed to synthesise a protein?

mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
snRNA, siRNA, miRNA
hnRNA, mRNA, tRNA
DNA, RNA, protein

In bacteria, there are three major types of RNAs: mRNA (messenger RNA), tRNA (transfer RNA), and rRNA (ribosomal RNA). All three RNAs are needed to synthesise a protein in a cell [52].

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Genetics: Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQ Test

Evolution: MCQ Test

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