Molecular Basis of Inheritance: MCQ Test

Test your comprehensive knowledge of DNA structure, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation, gene regulation, the Human Genome Project, and DNA fingerprinting with these challenging multiple-choice questions.

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Showing questions 161 - 169 of 169

161. What is DNA fingerprinting the basis of, in cases of disputes, due to polymorphisms being inheritable?

Disease diagnosis
Gene therapy
Paternity testing
Genetic engineering

As the polymorphisms are inheritable from parents to children, DNA fingerprinting is the basis of paternity testing, in case of disputes [94].

162. What is DNA polymorphism in simple terms?

Any mutation in a DNA sequence
A mutation that only affects somatic cells
An inheritable mutation observed in a population at high frequency
A variation only in coding regions

In simple terms, if an inheritable mutation is observed in a population at high frequency, it is referred to as DNA polymorphism [95].

163. Why is the probability of observing DNA variation higher in non-coding DNA sequences?

Because mutations in coding sequences are more common
Because non-coding DNA is less stable
Because mutations in these sequences may not have any immediate effect/impact in an individual’s reproductive ability
Because they are always conserved

The probability of such variation to be observed in non-coding DNA sequence would be higher as mutations in these sequences may not have any immediate effect/impact in an individual’s reproductive ability [95].

164. Who initially developed the technique of DNA Fingerprinting?

Frederick Sanger
Alec Jeffreys
Kary Mullis
Erwin Chargaff

The technique of DNA Fingerprinting was initially developed by Alec Jeffreys [96].

165. What type of satellite DNA did Alec Jeffreys use as a probe, showing a very high degree of polymorphism?

Short Tandem Repeats (STR)
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP)
Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)

He used a satellite DNA as probe that shows very high degree of polymorphism. It was called as Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) [96].

166. The technique of DNA fingerprinting, as used earlier, involved Southern blot hybridisation using radiolabelled VNTR as a probe. Which of the following is NOT a step involved in this process?

Isolation of DNA
Digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases
Separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis
Northern blotting

The technique... involved Southern blot hybridisation using radiolabelled VNTR as a probe. It included isolation of DNA, digestion of DNA by restriction endonucleases, separation of DNA fragments by electrophoresis, transferring (blotting) of separated DNA fragments to synthetic membranes, hybridisation using labelled VNTR probe, and detection of hybridised DNA fragments by autoradiography. Northern blotting is not listed as part of this process [97].

167. VNTRs vary in size from 0.1 to 20 kb. What does this variation result in after hybridisation with a VNTR probe?

A single large band
No bands
Many bands of differing sizes forming a characteristic pattern for an individual
Bands of uniform size

As a result, after hybridisation with VNTR probe, the autoradiogram gives many bands of differing sizes. These bands give a characteristic pattern for an individual DNA [98].

168. In which case does the DNA banding pattern of individuals NOT differ?

Siblings
Parents and offspring
Unrelated individuals
Monozygotic (identical) twins

It differs from individual to individual in a population except in the case of monozygotic (identical) twins [99].

169. How has the sensitivity of the DNA fingerprinting technique been increased?

By using larger DNA samples
By using only non-radioactive probes
By using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
By reducing the number of repetitive sequences

The sensitivity of the technique has been increased by use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [99].

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