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Reproductive Health: MCQ Test

Test your comprehensive knowledge of reproductive health, population control, contraception, MTP, STIs, and infertility, drawing from the provided biological concepts.

Test Your Knowledge

Showing questions 21 - 40 of 61

21. What is 'Lactational amenorrhea' as a contraceptive method based on?

Using barrier devices during lactation
The fact that ovulation and the menstrual cycle do not occur during intense lactation following parturition
Chemical suppression of sperm motility
Surgical removal of reproductive organs

Lactational amenorrhea (absence of menstruation) method is based on the fact that ovulation and therefore the cycle do not occur during the period of intense lactation following parturition. Therefore, as long as the mother breast-feeds the child fully, chances of conception are almost nil.

22. What is the maximum effective period reported for the Lactational Amenorrhea method?

12 months following parturition
9 months following parturition
6 months following parturition
3 months following parturition

However, this method has been reported to be effective only upto a maximum period of six months following parturition.

23. Which type of contraceptive method prevents ovum and sperms from physically meeting with the help of barriers?

IUDs
Barrier methods
Injectables
Natural methods

In barrier methods, ovum and sperms are prevented from physically meeting with the help of barriers.

24. 'Nirodh' is a popular brand of which type of contraceptive for males?

Diaphragm
Oral pill
Condom
Cervical cap

Condoms (Figure 3.1 a, b) are barriers made of thin rubber/latex sheath that are used to cover the penis in the male or vagina and cervix in the female, just before coitus so that the ejaculated semen would not enter into the female reproductive tract. This can prevent conception. 'Nirodh' is a popular brand of condom for the male.

25. Besides preventing conception, what additional benefit does the use of condoms offer?

Reducing menstrual problems
Protecting the user from contracting STIs and AIDS
Enhancing fertility
Increasing sexual drive

Use of condoms has increased in recent years due to its additional benefit of protecting the user from contracting STIs and AIDS.

26. Diaphragms, cervical caps, and vaults are barrier methods for females. What are they made of and how do they prevent conception?

Made of metal; by releasing copper ions
Made of rubber; by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix
Made of plastic; by inhibiting ovulation
Made of foam; by dissolving sperms

Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are also barriers made of rubber that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix during coitus. They prevent conception by blocking the entry of sperms through the cervix.

27. Which of the following are examples of copper releasing IUDs?

Lippes loop
Progestasert, LNG-20
CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375
Saheli

These Intra Uterine Devices are presently available as the non-medicated IUDs (e.g., Lippes loop), copper releasing IUDs (CuT, Cu7, Multiload 375) and the hormone releasing IUDs (Progestasert, LNG-20).

28. How do copper ions released by copper-releasing IUDs contribute to contraception?

They make the uterus unsuitable for implantation.
They suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.
They inhibit ovulation.
They block the entry of sperms into the uterus.

IUDs increase phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus and the Cu ions released suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.

29. What additional mechanism of action do hormone-releasing IUDs have compared to copper-releasing IUDs?

They increase phagocytosis of sperms.
They suppress sperm motility.
They make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.
They are effective as emergency contraceptives only.

The hormone releasing IUDs, in addition, make the uterus unsuitable for implantation and the cervix hostile to the sperms.

30. Oral contraceptive pills primarily work by inhibiting which physiological processes?

Sperm production and ejaculation
Ovulation and implantation
Menstruation and lactation
Gamete transport and fertilisation capacity

They inhibit ovulation and implantation as well as alter the quality of cervical mucus to prevent/retard entry of sperms.

31. 'Saheli' is notable for being a 'once a week' pill with very few side effects and high contraceptive value. What is its key characteristic regarding its composition?

It contains a progestogen-estrogen combination.
It contains a non-steroidal preparation.
It is a copper-releasing device.
It is an injectable contraceptive.

Saheli –the new oral contraceptive for the females contains a non-steroidal preparation. It is a 'once a week' pill with very few side effects and high contraceptive value.

32. How quickly must progestogens alone or in combination with estrogen, or IUDs, be administered to be effective as emergency contraceptives?

Within 24 hours of coitus
Within 48 hours of coitus
Within 72 hours of coitus
Within 120 hours of coitus

Administration of progestogens or progestogen-estrogen combinations or IUDs within 72 hours of coitus have been found to be very effective as emergency contraceptives.

33. Surgical methods of contraception are also called sterilisation. What are the specific names for these procedures in males and females, respectively?

Tubectomy and Vasectomy
Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy
Vasectomy and Tubectomy
Ligation and Resection

Sterilisation procedure in the male is called 'vasectomy' and that in the female, 'tubectomy'.

34. In a vasectomy, what is surgically removed or tied up?

A small part of the fallopian tube
A small part of the vas deferens
The testis
The epididymis

In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum.

35. What is the reversibility of surgical methods of contraception?

Highly effective and easily reversible
Highly effective but their reversibility is very poor
Low effectiveness but highly reversible
Completely reversible with minor surgery

These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very poor.

36. Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) refers to the intentional or voluntary termination of pregnancy before full term. Approximately how many MTPs are performed globally each year?

10 to 20 million
45 to 50 million
70 to 80 million
100 to 120 million

Nearly 45 to 50 million MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to 1/5th of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year.

37. When did the Government of India legalize MTP, and with what intent?

1951, to promote family planning
1971, with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse
2017, to increase access to abortion
1981, to control population growth

Government of India legalised MTP in 1971 with some strict conditions to avoid its misuse.

38. MTPs are considered relatively safe during which period of pregnancy?

During the first trimester (up to 12 weeks of pregnancy)
During the second trimester (13-24 weeks of pregnancy)
Only in the third trimester
Any time before full term

MTPs are considered relatively safe during the first trimester, i.e., upto 12 weeks of pregnancy. Second trimester abortions are much more riskier.

39. What disturbing and dangerous trend is observed regarding MTPs and amniocentesis?

An increase in legal MTPs for personal reasons.
A majority of MTPs are performed illegally by unqualified quacks, and misuse of amniocentesis to determine sex leading to female foeticide.
A decrease in MTPs due to increased awareness.
Increased MTPs due to medical complications only.

One disturbing trend observed is that a majority of the MTPs are performed illegally by unqualified quacks which are not only unsafe but could be fatal too. Another dangerous trend is the misuse of amniocentesis to determine the sex of the unborn child. Frequently, if the foetus is found to be female, it is followed by MTP- this is totally against what is legal.

40. According to The Medical Termination of Pregnancy (Amendment) Act, 2017, for a pregnancy lasting more than 12 weeks but fewer than 24 weeks, how many registered medical practitioners must be of the opinion that the required grounds exist for termination?

One
Two
Three
No specific number is mentioned.

According to this Act, a pregnancy may be terminated on certain considered grounds within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy on the opinion of one registered medical practitioner. If the pregnancy has lasted more than 12 weeks, but fewer than 24 weeks, two registered medical practitioners must be of the opinion, formed in good faith, that the required ground exist.

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Human Reproduction: MCQ Test

Genetics: Principles of Inheritance and Variation MCQ Test

biology

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