Test your knowledge of human reproduction with these multiple-choice questions covering all aspects of the chapter.
First, read the main notes on Human Reproduction, then try to answer the questions below without looking back!
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Showing questions 61 - 80 of 86
61. The outer layer of cells in a blastocyst, which attaches to the endometrium, is known as the:
The blastomeres in the blastocyst are arranged into an outer layer called trophoblast and an inner group of cells attached to trophoblast called the inner cell mass. The trophoblast layer then gets attached to the endometrium.
62. The process by which the blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium of the uterus is called:
After attachment, the uterine cells divide rapidly and covers the blastocyst. As a result, the blastocyst becomes embedded in the endometrium of the uterus. This is called implantation and it leads to pregnancy.
63. Which structure forms a structural and functional unit between the developing embryo (foetus) and the maternal body?
The chorionic villi and uterine tissue become interdigitated with each other and jointly form a structural and functional unit between developing embryo (foetus) and maternal body called placenta.
64. Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by the placenta?
Placenta also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces several hormones like human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), human placental lactogen (hPL), estrogens, progestogens, etc.. Oxytocin is released from the maternal pituitary.
65. Which of these hormones is secreted by the ovary during the later phase of pregnancy?
In the later phase of pregnancy, a hormone called relaxin is also secreted by the ovary.
66. The inner cell mass (embryo) differentiates into how many primary germ layers immediately after implantation?
Immediately after implantation, the inner cell mass (embryo) differentiates into an outer layer called ectoderm and an inner layer called endoderm. A mesoderm soon appears between the ectoderm and the endoderm.
67. The human pregnancy typically lasts for how many months, which is called the gestation period?
The human pregnancy lasts 9 months. The average duration of human pregnancy is about 9 months which is called the gestation period.
68. By the end of the second month of pregnancy, the foetus develops:
By the end of the second month of pregnancy, the foetus develops limbs and digits.
69. The first movements of the foetus and the appearance of hair on the head are usually observed during which month of pregnancy?
The first movements of the foetus and appearance of hair on the head are usually observed during the fifth month.
70. The process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth) is called:
Vigorous contraction of the uterus at the end of pregnancy causes expulsion/delivery of the foetus. This process of delivery of the foetus (childbirth) is called parturition.
71. The signals for parturition originate from which two sources?
The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed foetus and the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal ejection reflex.
72. Which hormone, released from the maternal pituitary, acts on the uterine muscle to cause stronger contractions during parturition?
The foetal ejection reflex triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. Oxytocin acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions.
73. The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation, which contains several antibodies essential for the new-born, is called:
The milk produced during the initial few days of lactation is called colostrum which contains several antibodies absolutely essential to develop resistance for the new-born babies.
74. What are the male sex accessory ducts that store and transport sperms from the testis to the outside through urethra?
The male sex accessory ducts include rete testis, vasa efferentia, epididymis and vas deferens. These ducts store and transport the sperms from the testis to the outside through urethra.
75. Which part of the oviduct has a narrow lumen and joins the uterus?
The last part of the oviduct, isthmus has a narrow lumen and it joins the uterus.
76. The ovarian stroma is divided into two zones. What are they?
The stroma is divided into two zones – a peripheral cortex and an inner medulla.
77. Which of the following layers of the uterus is the external thin membranous layer?
The external thin membranous perimetrium.
78. In oogenesis, after the first meiotic division, the secondary oocyte retains:
The secondary oocyte retains bulk of the nutrient rich cytoplasm of the primary oocyte.
79. The presence of which structures in seminal plasma makes it rich in energy for sperm motility?
Secretions of these glands [male accessory glands] constitute the seminal plasma which is rich in fructose, calcium and certain enzymes. Fructose is a sugar that provides energy.
80. If fertilisation does not occur, what happens to the corpus luteum?
In the absence of fertilisation, the corpus luteum degenerates. This causes disintegration of the endometrium leading to menstruation, marking a new cycle.