Test your knowledge of human reproduction with these multiple-choice questions covering all aspects of the chapter.
First, read the main notes on Human Reproduction, then try to answer the questions below without looking back!
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Showing questions 21 - 40 of 86
21. The birth canal in human females is formed by the combination of:
The cavity of the cervix is called cervical canal which alongwith vagina forms the birth canal.
22. Which statement regarding the hymen is accurate?
The hymen is often torn during the first coitus (intercourse). However, it can also be broken by a sudden fall or jolt, insertion of a vaginal tampon, active participation in some sports like horseback riding, cycling, etc. In fact, the presence or absence of hymen is not a reliable indicator of virginity or sexual experience.
23. The glandular tissue of each mammary breast is divided into how many mammary lobes?
The glandular tissue of each breast is divided into 15-20 mammary lobes.
24. Milk secreted by the cells of alveoli in mammary glands is stored in their:
The cells of alveoli secrete milk, which is stored in the cavities (lumens) of alveoli.
25. The process of gamete formation (sperms in males, ovum in females) is generally known as:
The primary sex organs – the testis in the males and the ovaries in the females – produce gametes, i.e, sperms and ovum, respectively, by the process called gametogenesis.
26. In spermatogenesis, the immature male germ cells that multiply by mitotic division are called:
The spermatogonia (sing. spermatogonium) present on the inside wall of seminiferous tubules multiply by mitotic division and increase in numbers.
27. What is the chromosome number of a primary spermatocyte in humans?
Each spermatogonium is diploid and contains 46 chromosomes. Some of the spermatogonia called primary spermatocytes periodically undergo meiosis.
28. The transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa (sperms) is known as:
The spermatids are transformed into spermatozoa (sperms) by the process called spermiogenesis.
29. The process by which sperms are finally released from the seminiferous tubules is called:
After spermiogenesis, sperm heads become embedded in the Sertoli cells, and are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by the process called spermiation.
30. Spermatogenesis is initiated at puberty due to a significant increase in the secretion of which hypothalamic hormone?
Spermatogenesis starts at the age of puberty due to significant increase in the secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). This, if you recall, is a hypothalamic hormone.
31. Which hormone acts on Leydig cells and stimulates the synthesis and secretion of androgens?
The increased levels of GnRH then acts at the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates secretion of two gonadotropins – luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). LH acts at the Leydig cells and stimulates synthesis and secretion of androgens.
32. What is the cap-like structure covering the anterior portion of the sperm head, filled with enzymes that help fertilisation?
The sperm head contains an elongated haploid nucleus, the anterior portion of which is covered by a cap-like structure, acrosome. The acrosome is filled with enzymes that help fertilisation of the ovum.
33. The middle piece of a sperm possesses numerous mitochondria. What is their primary function?
The middle piece possesses numerous mitochondria, which produce energy for the movement of tail that facilitate sperm motility essential for fertilisation.
34. For normal fertility, at least what percentage of sperms in a human ejaculate must show vigorous motility?
The human male ejaculates about 200 to 300 million sperms during a coitus of which, for normal fertility, at least 60 per cent sperms must have normal shape and size and at least 40 per cent of them must show vigorous motility.
35. The fluid part of semen, known as seminal plasma, is constituted by the secretions of which structures?
Secretions of epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle and prostate are essential for maturation and motility of sperms. The seminal plasma along with the sperms constitute the semen.
36. When does oogenesis, the process of formation of a mature female gamete, begin?
Oogenesis is initiated during the embryonic development stage when a couple of million gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within each fetal ovary.
37. No more oogonia are formed and added after which stage in human females?
Oogenesis is initiated during the embryonic development stage when a couple of million gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within each fetal ovary; no more oogonia are formed and added after birth.
38. Primary oocytes are temporarily arrested at which stage of meiotic division during embryonic development?
These cells [oogonia] start division and enter into prophase-I of the meiotic division and get temporarily arrested at that stage, called primary oocytes.
39. At puberty, approximately how many primary follicles are left in each ovary?
A large number of these follicles degenerate during the phase from birth to puberty. Therefore, at puberty only 60,000-80,000 primary follicles are left in each ovary.
40. A tertiary follicle is characterised by the presence of a fluid-filled cavity called the:
The secondary follicle soon transforms into a tertiary follicle which is characterised by a fluid filled cavity called antrum.