Test your knowledge of clinical pharmacy practice, laboratory data interpretation, and related concepts.
Test Your Knowledge
Showing questions 161 - 180 of 315
161. What can be measured using automated chemistry analyzers, in addition to common serum chemistry levels?
In addition to the more commonly requested serum chemistry levels, enzymes, therapeutic drugs, hor-mones, and other analytes can also be measured using these techniques.
162. What is a specific characteristic of the 'Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research' mentioned in the context of geriatric therapeutics?
The 'Journal of Pharmacy Practice and Research, Geriatric Therapeutics' is listed as a website of interest.
163. What term describes a statistical technique that summarizes the results of several studies into a single estimate, giving more weight to results from larger studies?
Meta analysis: A statistical technique which summarises the results of several studies into a single estimate, giving more weight to results from larger studies.
164. What is a common cause of 'false positive' results in urine drug screens by immunoassay for amphetamines?
Urine drug screens by immunoassay for amphetamines are subject to cross-reactivity with several sympathomimetic amine-type drugs (e.g., ephedrine and pseudoephedrine and their variants), which can cause a false positive result.
165. What is the primary role of clinical pharmacists in improving medication safety, as per the sources?
The role of clinical pharmacists to improve medication safety includes a role in reducing errors in prescribing and drug administration, not just dispensing.
166. What type of blood cells are 'granulocytes' (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils)?
Granulocytes are phagocytes (eating cells) and derive their name from the presence of granules within the cytoplasm. The granules store lysozymes and other chemicals needed to oxidize and enzymatically destroy foreign cells. Granulocytic leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils.
167. What does 'pharmacogenomics' primarily involve?
The chapter on Pharmacogenomics and Molecular Testing discusses 'the use of molecular testing in pharmacogenetics/genomics as tools for personalizing therapy'.
168. What is the primary method for evaluating the susceptibility of clinically significant, rapidly growing Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM)?
Standard broth microdilution should be uti-lized to evaluate the susceptibility of any clinically significant, rapidly growing NTM.
169. What is the primary concern for pharmacists in paediatric patients regarding blood sampling?
If a standard 10-mL blood sample were to be drawn from a pediatric patient, it would represent a much higher percent of total blood vol-ume compared to an adult... Thus, it is essential to plan pediatric laboratory tests, especially in the neonate and premature neonate, to avoid excessive blood drawing.
170. What kind of information can be found in a drug monograph on online searchable databases like Micromedex Solutions, DynaMed Plus, and Lexicomp?
For every drug included in the system, information is available in a drug monograph format, and any information about drug–laboratory test interferences is included in the monograph. Although not always listed separately as a laboratory test interference, the information may be included in the adverse reaction, warn-ing, or monitoring section of the monograph.
171. What is the primary goal for developing guidelines for monitoring serum drug concentrations, especially in paediatrics?
The goals of therapeutic drug monitoring should be to maximise the potential for positive therapeutic outcome while minimising toxicity.
172. Which of the following is NOT a typically quoted 'population' clearance value that affects theophylline clearance?
However, it must be recognised that the clearance of theophylline and many drugs may be affected by other factors, including disease and drug interactions. This means that there will be a number of quoted ‘population’ clearances depending on the presence of disease, organ dysfunction or other conditions.
173. What are 'patient medication sheets or cards' designed to improve when patients are taking several medicines?
When patients are taking several medicines, a handwritten or computer-generated medication summary can improve compliance and understanding.
174. What is the primary function of an 'electro-osmotic flow' in capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation?
The negatively charged surface of the silica capillary attracts positive-charged ions in the buffer solution, which in turn migrate toward the cathode and carry solvent molecules in the same direction. The overall movement of the solvent is called electroosmotic flow.
175. What is a recommended strategy for managing drug interactions, as per the learning objectives?
The learning objectives include: 'Develop an understanding of the relative merits and shortcomings of the information sources available for identifying drug interactions' and 'Explain how to provide advice for the management of drug interactions'.
176. What kind of information would be useful to gather about the suspected ADR itself?
Details of the suspected ADR such as time of onset and duration of reaction, nature and severity of reaction; details on the suspected drug including dose, frequency, time of administration, duration of treatment, plasma concentration of the drug; previous report on reactions; data on any other causes including risk factors and predisposing factors are useful.
177. What is the term for 'the practice of pharmacy in a multidisciplinary healthcare team directed at achieving patient treatment goals'?
Clinical pharmacy practice: The practice of pharmacy in a multidisciplinary healthcare team directed at achieving patient treatment goals.
178. What should be done when an interviewee attempts to divert the discussion away from the topic during an interview?
If, for example, an interviewee attempts to divert the discussion away from the topic, a skilled interviewer will politely interrupt and re-introduce the topic.
179. What is the main disadvantage of a hospital formulary listing many benzodiazepines in high-income countries, compared to a more restricted list like the British National Formulary?
Ironically, doctors in low- and middle- income countries may have the freedom to prescribe what they want, from the medicines available in the country. However, doctors in high-income countries do not have this freedom and must prescribe from the list that has been approved by their healthcare system. The British National Formulary shows that only five benzodiazepines are available in the National Health Service in the UK, whereas many more are registered.
180. What is a primary responsibility of pharmacists concerning medication safety for patients with acute kidney disease and CKD?
It cannot be overemphasized—pharmacists’ contribution to the care of patients is to ensure appropriate medication use and dosing in patients with acute kidney disease and CKD.