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Digestive System & Nutrition MCQs

Multiple-choice questions on the human digestive system and nutrition, covering various biological concepts and physiological processes.

Test Your Knowledge

Showing questions 121 - 140 of 143

121. Anti-sterility vitamin is :

Vitamin B12
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin A

The anti-sterility vitamin is Vitamin E . Vitamin E is also known as Tocopherol .

122. The longitudinal muscular folds of inner wall of stomach are called :

Papilla of vater
Rugae
Villi
Fissure

The longitudinal muscular folds of the inner wall of the stomach are called Rugae . These folds allow the stomach to expand significantly when filled with food. Villi are found in the small intestine .

123. Cells of liver which act as phagocytes are :

Dieter's cells
Kupffer's cells
Hensen cells
Aciner cells

Cells of the liver which act as phagocytes are Kupffer's cells . They are resident macrophages in the liver, playing a role in immune surveillance and removal of old blood cells or debris.

124. The crypts of lieberkuhn secret :

gastrin
rennin
cholecystokinin
succus entricus

The crypts of Lieberkuhn secrete succus entericus . Succus entericus is the intestinal juice containing various digestive enzymes.

125. In adults the deficiency of vitamin D causes:

Rickets
Beri-beri
Scurvy
Osteomalacia

In adults, the deficiency of Vitamin D causes Osteomalacia , characterized by softening of bones due to inadequate mineralization. Rickets is the equivalent condition in children.

126. The function of enterogasterone hormone is :

to control excretion
to inhibit gastric juice secretion
regulate the absorption of food
to stimulate gastric glands to release gastric juice

The function of the enterogasterone hormone is to inhibit gastric juice secretion . This hormone (also known as Gastric Inhibitory Peptide or GIP) helps regulate stomach activity.

127. Brunner's glands are located in :

Oesophagus
Duodenum
Intestine
Stomach

Brunner's glands are located in the duodenum . Specifically, they are in the submucosa layer of the duodenum .

128. Which of the following inhibits secretion of gastric juice :

Enterogasterone
Gastrin
CCK
PZ

Enterogasterone inhibits the secretion of gastric juice . Gastrin stimulates gastric secretion , while CCK and PZ (Pancreozymin) stimulate bile and pancreatic secretions .

129. Pepsinogen is secreted from :

argentaffin cells
goblets cells
chief cells
parietal cells

Pepsinogen is secreted from chief cells . Chief cells are also known as peptic cells . Pepsinogen is an inactive enzyme that is converted to active pepsin in the acidic environment of the stomach .

130. Cells of the pancreas is not digested by their own enzymes because :

enzymes are secreted in inactive form
cells are lined by mucous membrane
enzymes are released only when needed
none of the above

Cells of the pancreas are not digested by their own enzymes because the enzymes are secreted in inactive form . For example, trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen are proenzymes that are only activated after reaching the small intestine .

131. Carrier ions like Na+ facilitate the absorption of substances like –

amino acids and glucose
glucose and fatty acids
fatty acids and glycerol
fructose and some amino acids

Carrier ions like Na+ facilitate the absorption of substances such as fructose and some amino acids . Fructose is absorbed by facilitated transport which relies on carrier proteins. While glucose and other amino acids can be actively reabsorbed often with Na+ cotransport , this option presents a specific pairing highlighted by the source's answer key.

132. If for some reason our goblet cells are non-functional, this will adversely affect

production of somatostatin
secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands
maturation of sperms
smooth movement of food down the intestine

If goblet cells are non-functional, this will adversely affect the smooth movement of food down the intestine . Goblet cells produce mucin , which forms mucus. Mucus lubricates the alimentary canal, allowing for the smooth passage of food via peristalsis .

133. Consumption of which one of the following foods can prevent the kind of blindness associated with vitamin ‘A’ deficiency ?

Canolla
Golden rice
Bt-Brinjal
‘Flaver Savr’ tomato

Consumption of Golden rice can prevent the kind of blindness associated with Vitamin A deficiency . Golden rice is a genetically modified rice engineered to produce beta-carotene, a precursor to Vitamin A, which is essential for vision. Vitamin A deficiency causes night blindness . Carrots and ripe papaya are also beneficial .

134. Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of :

Alcohol
Tobacco(Chewing)
Cocaine
Opium

Cirrhosis of liver is caused by the chronic intake of Alcohol . Excessive alcohol consumption is a major cause of liver damage, including fatty liver syndrome and ultimately cirrhosis .

135. Anxiety and eating spicy food together in an othewise normal human, may lead to :

Jaundice
Diarrhoea
Vomiting
Indigestion

Anxiety and eating spicy food together in an otherwise normal human may lead to indigestion . Stress can affect digestive processes, and spicy foods can irritate the digestive lining, leading to symptoms of indigestion.

136. Where do certains symbiotic microorganisms normally occur in human body ?

Caecum
Oral lining and tongue surface
Vermiform appendix and rectum
Duodenum

Certain symbiotic microorganisms normally occur in the human body, particularly in the caecum . The caecum is a part of the large intestine where significant microbial activity, including fermentation, takes place.

137. Select the correct match of the digested products in humans given in column I with their absorption site and mechanism in column II.

Fructose, Na+ small intestine, passive absorption
Glycerol, fatty acids duodenum, move as chilomicrons
Cholesterol, maltose large intestine, active absorption
Glycine, glucose small intestine, active absorption

The correct match is Glycine, glucose – small intestine, active absorption . Glycine (an amino acid) and glucose are primarily absorbed in the small intestine, largely through active transport mechanisms . Fructose is absorbed by facilitated transport , not passive. Glycerol and fatty acids are absorbed by lymph vessels/lacteals and move as chylomicrons. Maltose is digested to glucose before absorption, typically in the small intestine, not the large intestine.

138. Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of intestine by the process called:

simple diffusion
co-transport mechanism
active transport
facilitated transport

Fructose is absorbed into the blood through mucosa cells of the intestine by the process called facilitated transport . This process involves specific carrier proteins in the cell membrane that assist the movement of fructose down its concentration gradient, without direct energy expenditure.

139. The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by?

Rennin
Pepsin
Lipase
Trypsin

The initial step in the digestion of milk in humans is carried out by Rennin . Rennin (chymosin) is an enzyme found in the gastric juice of infants that causes the coagulation of milk proteins, preparing them for further digestion.

140. Which of the following statements is not correct?

Goblet cells are present in the mucosa of intestine and secrete mucus
Oxyntic cells are present in the mucosa of stomach and secrete HCl.
Acini are present in the pancreas and secrete carboxypeptidase
Brunner's glands are present in the submucosa of stomach and secrete pepsinogen

The statement that is not correct is: Brunner's glands are present in the submucosa of stomach and secrete pepsinogen . Brunner's glands are located in the submucosa of the duodenum . Pepsinogen is secreted by chief cells (peptic cells) in the stomach . The other statements are correct based on the sources: Goblet cells secrete mucus in the intestine ; Oxyntic cells (Parietal cells) secrete HCl in the stomach ; and Acini (pancreatic acinar cells) in the pancreas secrete enzymes like carboxypeptidase .

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Human Phsyiology: MCQ Test

Excretory Products & Their Elimination: MCQs

biology

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