Human Phsyiology: MCQ Test

Test your knowledge of human endocrine system, hormones, and their functions with these multiple-choice questions.

First, read the main notes on Human Physiology, then try to answer the questions below without looking back!

Test Your Knowledge

Showing questions 41 - 47 of 47

41. The juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney produce a peptide hormone that stimulates the formation of red blood cells. What is this hormone?

Renin
Aldosterone
Erythropoietin
Vasopressin

The **juxtaglomerular cells of kidney produce a peptide hormone called erythropoietin which stimulates erythropoiesis (formation of RBC)**.

42. Which of the following statements correctly describe the actions of hormones secreted by the gastro-intestinal tract?

Gastrin stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen.
Secretin stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) stimulates the secretion of water and bicarbonate ions from the pancreas.
Gastric Inhibitory Peptide (GIP) inhibits gastric secretion and motility.

**Gastrin acts on the gastric glands and stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen**. **Secretin acts on the exocrine pancreas and stimulates secretion of water and bicarbonate ions**. **CCK acts on both pancreas and gall bladder and stimulates the secretion of pancreatic enzymes and bile juice**, respectively. **GIP inhibits gastric secretion and motility**.

43. Hormones produce their effects by binding to specific proteins called hormone receptors. Where can these receptors be located?

Only on the cell membrane of target cells.
Only inside the target cell (intracellular/nuclear).
Both on the cell membrane and inside the target cell.
Within the blood plasma, binding to carrier proteins.

**Hormone receptors present on the cell membrane of the target cells are called membrane-bound receptors and the receptors present inside the target cell are called intracellular receptors, mostly nuclear receptors (present in the nucleus)**.

44. Regarding the specificity of hormone receptors, which statement is true?

Each receptor can bind to multiple types of hormones, depending on concentration.
Each receptor is specific to one hormone only.
Receptor specificity changes based on the target tissue.
Hormone receptors are non-specific and bind to any circulating chemical messenger.

**Each receptor is specific to one hormone only and hence receptors are specific**.

45. Hormones that interact with membrane-bound receptors typically do not enter the target cell. How do they regulate cellular metabolism?

By directly altering gene expression.
By forming a hormone-receptor complex that activates an enzyme cascade directly.
By generating secondary messengers like cyclic AMP, IP3, or Ca^2+.
By binding directly to the cell's DNA.

**Hormones which interact with membrane-bound receptors normally do not enter the target cell, but generate second messengers (e.g., cyclic AMP, IP3, Ca^2+ etc) which in turn regulate cellular metabolism**.

46. Steroid hormones and iodothyronines are examples of hormones that interact with intracellular receptors. What is their primary mechanism of action?

Generating second messengers to regulate cellular metabolism.
Directly affecting the permeability of the cell membrane to ions.
Regulating gene expression or chromosome function by interacting with the genome.
Initiating a rapid cascade of protein phosphorylation.

**Hormones which interact with intracellular receptors (e.g., steroid hormones, iodothyronines, etc.) mostly regulate gene expression or chromosome function by the interaction of hormone-receptor complex with the genome**.

47. Based on their chemical nature, hormones are classified. Which of the following is an example of a steroid hormone?

Insulin
Cortisol
Thyroxine
Epinephrine

Hormones are classified into: (i) peptide, polypeptide, protein hormones (e.g., insulin, glucagon, pituitary hormones, hypothalamic hormones, etc.); (ii) **steroids (e.g., cortisol, testosterone, estradiol and progesterone)**; (iii) iodothyronines (thyroid hormones); (iv) amino-acid derivatives (e.g., epinephrine).

1 2 3

Plant Phsysiology: MCQ Test

Digestive System & Nutrition MCQs

biology

class 11
class 12

chemistry

class 12

physics

miscellaneous

coding
- Mastering Clean Code: Essential Tips for Every Developer
reactjs notes series

biology mcqs

class 11
class 12